Tier A · Established human benefit
Semaglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
One of the strongest human evidence bases in modern peptide medicine.
MetabolicFDA-approved uses
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Tier A · Established human benefit
Tirzepatide
Dual GIP / GLP-1 receptor agonist
A dual-incretin peptide with major human benefits across weight and metabolic health.
MetabolicFDA-approved uses
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Tier A · Established human benefit
Liraglutide
GLP-1 receptor agonist
An earlier GLP-1 peptide that helped establish the modern metabolic-therapy era.
MetabolicFDA-approved uses
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Tier B · Substantial human research
Retatrutide
Triple GIP / GLP-1 / glucagon agonist
The most closely watched next-generation metabolic peptide program.
MetabolicPhase 3 investigational
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Tier A · Established human benefit
Tesamorelin
Growth hormone–releasing factor analog
A real example of a peptide altering a specific fat compartment in humans.
Body compositionFDA-approved use
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Tier A · Established human benefit
Bremelanotide (PT-141)
Melanocortin receptor agonist
A centrally acting peptide with a validated human sexual-health indication.
Sexual healthFDA-approved use
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Tier B · Substantial human research
Thymosin Alpha-1
Immune-modulating thymic peptide
A peptide with decades of human immunology research—and mixed results depending on the disease.
ImmuneHuman clinical evidence; not FDA-approved in U.S.
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Tier C · Early / limited human evidence
CJC-1295
Long-acting GHRH analog
Human studies confirm powerful GH-axis effects; therapeutic benefits are still not established.
Growth hormone axisEarly human studies
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Tier C · Early / limited human evidence
Sermorelin
GHRH(1-29) analog
A shorter GHRH analog with a long history in human endocrine research.
Growth hormone axisEstablished human endocrine activity
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Tier C · Early / limited human evidence
Ipamorelin
Selective ghrelin-receptor agonist / GH secretagogue
A selective GH secretagogue that reached human trials but never established a standard therapeutic role.
Growth hormone axisHuman clinical development; unapproved
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Tier B · Substantial human research
Thymosin Beta-4
Actin-binding tissue-repair peptide
One of the better human-researched tissue-repair peptides—especially in ophthalmology.
RepairHuman clinical studies; unapproved
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Tier D · Preclinical / highly limited human evidence
BPC-157
Gastric-derived research pentadecapeptide
Probably the clearest example of a peptide whose online reputation is much larger than its human evidence base.
RepairVery limited human data
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Tier C · Early / limited human evidence
GHK-Cu
Copper-binding tripeptide
A naturally occurring copper peptide with credible skin-repair biology and a much less certain injectable story.
Skin & repairHuman topical use; limited systemic evidence
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Tier D · Preclinical / highly limited human evidence
MOTS-c
Mitochondrial-derived peptide
A fascinating mitochondrial signal with strong scientific interest but no established human treatment benefit.
Metabolic & longevityEmerging human biology; no established therapy
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Tier B · Substantial human research
LL-37
Human antimicrobial peptide
An endogenous antimicrobial peptide with genuine randomized human wound-healing research.
Wound & innate immunityHuman phase 2 wound research
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Tier D · Preclinical / highly limited human evidence
Epitalon
Pineal-derived tetrapeptide
A longevity peptide with provocative findings—and major evidence-quality questions.
LongevityLimited and heterogeneous human evidence
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Tier C · Early / limited human evidence
DSIP
Delta sleep-inducing peptide
An intriguing sleep peptide whose human literature is old, small and inconsistent.
SleepOlder small human studies
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Tier C · Early / limited human evidence
AOD-9604
Modified hGH 176-191 fragment
An elegant idea—separating fat-metabolism signaling from full growth hormone—that did not become an approved obesity drug.
MetabolicHuman safety data; efficacy not established
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Tier D · Preclinical / highly limited human evidence
KPV
Lys-Pro-Val melanocortin fragment
A compact anti-inflammatory peptide with interesting gut and skin biology—but no established human therapeutic benefit.
InflammationPreclinical research
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Tier C · Early / limited human evidence
GHRP-2
Growth hormone–releasing peptide
A classic GH secretagogue that helped establish the human ghrelin/GHRP signaling field.
Growth hormone axisHuman physiology studies; unapproved
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